Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line the bottoms of three 8-inch round cake pans with parchment paper and set them aside.
In a large mixing bowl, sift together the cake flour, baking powder, and salt.
In a separate smaller bowl, whisk together the ube extract, vegetable oil, and milk. Set aside.
In another large bowl, using a handheld electric mixer, beat the egg yolks while gradually adding ⅓ cup of sugar, one teaspoon at a time. Continue beating on medium-high speed until the mixture becomes pale and thick, about 7 minutes.
Add the ube jam to the yolk mixture and beat until smooth, ensuring there are no large lumps remaining. If you'd like a more intense purple color, add a small amount of purple gel food coloring at this stage and stir until evenly blended.
To combine the wet and dry mixtures, gently fold in one-third of the flour mixture into the egg yolk mixture just until incorporated. Then add half of the milk mixture, followed by another third of the flour, the remaining milk, and finally the last third of the flour. Fold gently after each addition, being careful not to overmix the batter.
In a clean, dry mixing bowl (using a stand mixer with a whisk attachment or clean beaters on a handheld mixer), beat the egg whites on medium speed until foamy.
Add the cream of tartar and continue beating until the mixture becomes very frothy.
Gradually add the ¾ cup of sugar, one heaping teaspoon at a time, and continue beating until stiff peaks form.
To lighten the batter, take about one cup of the meringue and fold it gently into the cake batter. Then fold in the remaining meringue in two or three additions until the mixture is smooth and fully combined, taking care not to deflate the batter.
Evenly divide the batter between the prepared cake pans and smooth the tops.
Bake for approximately 20 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with a few moist crumbs.
Once baked, invert the pans onto a wire rack and allow the cakes to cool completely upside down. This helps maintain their height and prevents collapsing.