Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease two 9-inch round cake pans, line the bottoms with parchment rounds, butter the parchment, and dust the pans lightly with flour.
Using an electric mixer on medium-high speed, cream the butter and sugar together until light and fluffy, about 3 minutes. Increase the speed to high and add the eggs one at a time, mixing for about 1 minute after each addition. Scrape down the sides and bottom of the bowl to ensure the mixture is fully combined.
In a small bowl, mix the cocoa powder, vanilla extract, and red food coloring together to form a thick, smooth paste. Add this paste to the batter and beat on medium speed until evenly incorporated. Pause to scrape the bowl if needed to ensure the entire batter is tinted evenly.
Reduce the mixer speed to low. Slowly add half of the buttermilk, followed by half of the flour, and mix just until combined. Scrape down the bowl and repeat with the remaining buttermilk and flour. Beat the mixture on high until smooth.
Lower the mixer speed again and add the salt, baking soda, and vinegar. Increase speed to high and beat for a couple more minutes until the batter is completely smooth and combined.
Divide the batter evenly between the prepared cake pans and bake for about 30 minutes, or until a toothpick or skewer inserted into the center comes out clean. Let the cakes cool in the pans for 10 minutes before turning them out onto a wire rack to cool completely.