Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease and flour three 8x2-inch pans (or 9-inch pans if preferred).
In a mixing bowl, beat the butter at medium speed until softened and smooth. Gradually add the sugar, mixing on medium speed for 4 to 5 minutes.
Add the egg yolks, one at a time, beating after each addition until fully incorporated. Stir in the vanilla extract.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, and salt for at least 30 seconds to blend.
With the mixer on low speed, alternate adding the dry ingredients and the buttermilk to the butter mixture, beginning and ending with the dry ingredients. (This means three additions of the dry mixture and two additions of buttermilk.) Mix just until blended after the final addition.
Gently fold in the pecans and coconut using a spoon or spatula until evenly distributed.
In a clean bowl, beat the egg whites on high speed until stiff peaks form. Carefully fold the beaten egg whites into the batter using a spatula or spoon.
Divide the batter evenly among the prepared pans. Bake at 350°F (175°C) for 20 to 25 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
Let the cakes cool in the pans for 10 minutes, then transfer them to wire racks to cool completely.